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From college dropout to cult hero
Apple Computer co-founder Steve Jobs, who came to define the visionary, individualistic and temperamental Silicon Valley entrepreneur,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], has died after a battle with pancreatic cancer and complications related to a liver transplant.
Jobs passed away Wednesday. He is survived by his wife Laurene, his son Reed,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], daughters Erin and Eve,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and daughter Lisa Brennan-Jobs from his relationship with San Francisco-area painter Chrisann Brennan. Lisa was the namesake for the Apple Lisa computer, a commercial failure in the early 1980s.
After launching the first Apple PC from his parents' garage with longtime friend Steve Wozniak in 1976, Jobs went on to build a company whose market value now rivals that of the world's biggest company,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Exxon Mobil Corp.
In the interim Jobs, whose roots trace back to the California counterculture, was unceremoniously dumped from Apple in a boardroom coup when he was barely 30.
He returned in triumph in 1996 to ignite the smartphone revolution before leaving the company on a final medical leave last January.
Jobs was first diagnosed with a rare form of pancreatic cancer in 2004 but declared himself cancer-free a year later after surgery to remove a tumour,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. He underwent a liver transplant procedure in 2007.
In between, Jobs acquired the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm Ltd. which was spun off as Pixar Animation and launched a computer platform development company specializing in the higher-education and business markets called NeXT Computer.
The company was subsequently bought out by Apple in what Jobs,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], in a 2006 commencement address at Stanford University, called the irony. 24.
Jobs, born to an unwed graduate student in San Francisco in Feb. 1955,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], emerged over the past three decades as an idiosyncratic man of his digital times.
He ditched expensive business suits for his trademark black mock turtleneck, Levi's blue jeans and New Balance sneakers leading everyday people into a full embrace of mobile computing via Apple's portable iPod music player, the iPad tablet PC and the ubiquitous iPhone all now an integral part of the modern lifestyle.
Jobs was born in San Francisco a few kilometres from the apricot orchards that became known as Silicon Valley and lived in the valley until his death. He was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], who later adopted a daughter who they named Patti.
His biological parents are Abdulfattah John Jandali, a Syrian Muslim graduate student who later became a political science professor, and Joanne Simpson, who went on to become a speech language pathologist. They later married, giving birth to and raising Jobs' biological sister,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the novelist Mona Simpson.
Jobs attended Cupertino Junior High School and Homestead High School in Cupertino,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Calif., and frequented after-school lectures at Hewlett-Packard Co. in nearby Palo Alto. He was soon hired there and worked with Wozniak as a summer employee. In 1972, Jobs graduated from high school and enrolled in Reed College in Portland, Ore. Although he dropped out after only one semester he continued attending classes at Reed,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], such as one in calligraphy,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], while sleeping on the floor in friends' rooms, returning Coke bottles for food money, and getting weekly free meals at the local Hare Krishna temple.
In autumn 1974,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Jobs began attending meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club with Wozniak and then took a job as a technician at Atari,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a manufacturer of popular video games, with the primary intent of saving money for a spiritual retreat to India.
Jobs travelled to India to visit the Neem Karoli Baba at his Kainchi Ashram with a Reed College friend (and, later,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the first Apple employee), Daniel Kottke, in search of spiritual enlightenment.
Jobs returned to his previous job at Atari and was given the task of creating a circuit board for the game Breakout. According to Atari founder Nolan Bushnell, Atari had offered $100 for each chip that was eliminated in the machine. Jobs had little interest or knowledge in circuit board design and made a deal with Wozniak to split the bonus evenly between them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Much to the amazement of Atari, Wozniak reduced the number of chips by 50. At the time,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Jobs told Wozniak that Atari had only given them $700 (instead of the actual $5,000) and that Wozniak's share was thus $350.
Jobs married Laurene Powell in 1991 with a Zen Buddhist monk presiding over the wedding. The couple had a son and two daughters while Jobs also had a daughter, Lisa Brennan-Jobs from his relationship with Brennan. She briefly raised their daughter on welfare when Jobs denied paternity,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], claiming that he was sterile. He later acknowledged that he was the father.
Jobs,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], whose diet included fish but nomeat,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], was known for quirky habits including disregard for his appearance and messy living conditions before his marriage.
He is also noted for his aggressive and demanding personality, with Fortune writing that he was one of Silicon Valley's leading egomaniacs. Cofounder Dan'l Lewin was quoted in the magazine as saying of that period, highs were unbelievable . but the lows were unimaginable,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], to which Jobs's office replied that his personality had changed since then.
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