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Fish found making their very own 'mozzie' nets News in Science ABC Science
When roundhead parrotfish residing in the Great Barrier Reef bed down during the night,[url=http://woolrichparkaschweiz.albirank.net/][b]Woolrich Parka Schweiz Online Shop[/b][/url], they spend up to an hour or so each evening exuding a mucous cocoon around themselves.
Now, new research from the University of Queensland,[url=http://monclerjackenonlinech.albirank.net/][b]Moncler Jacken Günstig[/b][/url], published in the journal Biology Letters, has found these jelly-like cocoons protect the use parasite attack.
Previously, researchers believed that the mucous cocoon, which is a solid mass much like a balloon full of gelatine, protected the use predators. The mucous, was thought, to mask the smell of the fish and help it to avoid detection.
But Dr Lexa Grutter and colleagues, always wondered how this type of transparent, fragile and easily removed structure would protect a use voracious predators like moray eels and sharks.
Evading blood sucking parasitesParrotfish are plagued by gnathiids,[url=http://duveticadoudoune.halod.com/][b]Duvetica Pas Cher[/b][/url], a couple millimetre long parasitic isopod distantly associated with the slaters and pill bugs, which inhabit most suburban gardens.
Gnathiids act like aquatic mosquitoes, sucking blood for up to an hour or so and sometimes transmitting a blood-borne fish disease, similar to malaria.
Grutter knew the green,[url=http://parajumperssalenorge.albirank.net/][b]Parajumpers Long Bear[/b][/url], blue and yellow parrotfish relied heavily on cleaner fish, called wrasse,[url=http://discountnikesoccershoes.webmium.com/][b]Discount 2013 Nike Soccer Shoes online sale[/b][/url], to choose off their parasites during the day. But she wondered what the fish did at night, and if the mucous cocoon might have a role to play.
She and her colleagues tested the theory by placing parrotfish in separate tanks. Once the fish had spun their cocoon for that night, the cocoons were gently removed from half the fish. Parasitic gnathiids were introduced into all of the tanks.
At the conclusion from the night, they found that fish with intact cocoons had far less gnathiid parasites attached to them than unprotected fish.
"Fish that spend their time (up to an hour) building the cocoons before tucking into bed at night were protected, similar to humans wearing a mosquito net," says Grutter.
"We have no idea whether it's an actual barrier, a chemical barrier or whether it actually just blocks the odour of the fish therefore the parasites aren't able to find them. No one knows."
She says the mucous is made by special spongy glands, how big a ten cent piece, tucked in within the operculum, the bony flap which covers the gills.
Grutter says fish leave a small opening near their mouth so they can still breathe.
"It's a lot like if you are in a sleeping bag and you've got the thing tight around you, however, you leave just a little hole to breathe from by your mouth because it's really cold," she says.
Biological arms raceParasitologist Dr Robert Adlard who's head of marine biology in the Queensland Museum described the mosquito analogy as 'spot on',[url=http://peutereyoutletitaliaonline.olimx.com/][b]Peuterey Outlet[/b][/url].
"Certainly we all know every fish has mucous covering their scales and contains antimicrobial properties, which acts as a barrier against infection. Clearly these fish took that one step further in the evolution of those cocoons.
"It's another fantastic demonstration of the arms race between the host and parasite,[url=http://monclerjackenonlinech.albirank.net/][b]Moncler Weste Billig[/b][/url], be it developing immunity,[url=http://woolrichoutletdeutschland.halod.com/][b]Woolrich Herren outlet deutschland[/b][/url], or picking out these sorts of physiological mechanism to protect you. "
Fish biologist Dr Culum Brown from Macquarie University in Sydney says, throughout the day fish may take evasive action either by dislodging the parasites by rubbing about the sand or rocks, or visiting a cleaner wrasse for any daily check-up.
"During the night time this can't happen without waking up and wrecking a good night's sleep; if one could prevent parasites attaching by producing a relatively cheap security blanket,[url=http://discountnikesoccershoes.webmium.com/][b]Nike Soccer Shoes online[/b][/url], then it is clearly a good option."
Grutter says the study had important implications for the aquarium trade,[url=http://rogervivieronlinesale.olimx.com/][b]http://rogervivieronlinesale.olimx.com/[/b][/url].
"In the aquarium trade, cleaner fish are actually one of the top 10 most widely used aquarium fish traded in the UK and also the USA. So over-exploiting wrasse has knock-on effects for parrot fish," she says.
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