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The Dangers of Behavioral Addictions
Take, for instance,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], among his recent patients,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a woman who started stealing small items from big-box stores 3 or 4 times a week because it was the one thing that calmed her down. She didn't want to do it, but she'd to, she told him. Nevertheless, says Fong, "she never thought of it as an addiction. She considered it as being inappropriate behavior."
Therein lies the crux: While addiction memes on Twitter may be frothy hyperbole, addiction in real life is really a life-altering misery--one that almost always starts within the brain. MRI scans show that snorting cocaine and snarfing a fast-food hamburger illuminate the same pleasure center within the brain.
"The hamburger is extremely pleasurable," explains Shurtleff. "Some people might find it so pleasurable that they will overeat to begin bingeing. They need increasingly more and much more, as their compulsive craving for it has overcome remarkable ability to stop."
While all addictions share certain brain biology, who gets hooked and who doesn't is an infinitely complex matter. The focus of addicts' obsessions is due to the way they were raised, and the habits and substances these were exposed to at the start of life. However the biggest understanding of addiction mechanics--one Anne may have taken advantage of knowing before she lost her job, marriage,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], house,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and kids--has to do with gender.
With regards to drug abuse, nearly twice as many men as for women who live chemical dependencies to illicit drugs or alcohol. Women might be at higher risk for so-called mall disorders--shopping,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], binge eating, stealing--in part because of old-school social norms, says Fong. Good girls don't drink,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but they might steal a lipstick once in a while. In addition, on the web, a myriad of behavioral addictions can thrive in private. Once typically male obsessions--like sex, pornography, and gambling--now appear to be affecting females. At his UCLA center, for instance, Fong says he sees many, a lot of women seeking help for gambling compulsions. (And a quantity of men who can't control their shopping online.)
The type of women is Lucy. 10 years ago, in her own forties,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], she felt crushed through the strain of caring for her dying mother. "I was avoiding my issues," she says, but she did find a difficult outlet--at the casinos near her parents' Southern California home. Though her family once visited Vegas every Christmas, gambling had never fazed Lucy. But now that the casino is at her backyard, she couldn't seem to steer clear. Soon, she was telling herself she'd stop by for an hour or so at the end of the day; she would find yourself staying through the night.
Still,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], she was functional, she says. She owned a condo and had enough money to live. "I is at denial," she says. "When you are in that state, you're not thinking clearly." At one point, she tried Gamblers Anonymous but she couldn't relate; the rooms were filled with guys.
It took the death of her mother--and an inheritance--to sound the alarm. "If I gamble away these funds my mom worked so hard to save,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], I don't know how I'll live with myself," she remembers thinking. She called Fong and experienced intensive therapy. She hasn't stepped foot inside a casino since.
Lucy's story nods that therapy might be even more effective if it treated men and women differently. Here's why: "There are alterations in the chemistry of the brain which happen faster in females," says neuroscientist Jill B. Despite the fact that women typically tiptoe into addictions,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and start with smaller doses than men do, they become hooked faster. And menstrual period hormone swings can also aggravate things by altering brain chemistry so that addictions form more powerful holds.
The promising news is that this studies have dramatic implications for treatment. NIDA is supporting research to build up vaccines for nicotine and cocaine addictions, amongst others, says Shurtleff. In her own lab, Becker is trying to find similar gender-specific fixes. And therapy has caught up with the latest science: Understanding that females become addicted for various reasons than men do, are drawn to different substances and behaviors, and recover differently, addiction centers are designing specialized, single-sex organizations. All of which gives females a better chance of fighting their addictive demons.
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