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this series, "but they have a necessary condition:teachers and principals must feel free to act on their best instincts....This iswhy we must bulldoze school bureaucracy."Bureaucracy,however, remains an abstraction and serves as little more than a convenient andpopular target for ridicule -- unless we unpack what actions within bureaucracyare the sources for many of the persistent failures we associate erroneouslywith public education as an institution. Bureaucracy fails, in part, because ithonors leadership as a primaryquality over expertise, commits toideological solutions without identifying and clarifying problems first,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and repeats the same reforms over and over while expectingdifferent results: our standards/testing model is more than a century old.Public education is by necessity an extension of ourpolitical system, resulting in schools being reduced to vehicles forimplementing political mandates. For example,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], during the past thirty years,education has become federalized through dynamics both