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The early Georgian style-although so little due to the personal influence of the first two Hanoverian kings-coincides closely with their reigns, and covers the space of forty years between about 1720 and 1760 George I.-who, as we are told, had no regard for the English and was almost entirely ignorant of the language-certainly never attempted any encouragement of the arts in England but through no merit of his, the definitely Georgian style [url=http://www.achbanker.com/homes.php]hollister[/url] in architecture and decoration developed not long after his accession, and continued through the reign of the second George until the innovations of Robert Adam, [url=http://www.1855sacramento.com/peuterey.php]peuterey[/url] which [url=http://guoshuai.cn/guestbook.asp]moncler si[/url] were almost exactly coincident with the accession of George III. The name, therefore, may be considered as marking a date.
The wealthy and cultured class was a comparatively large one in England compared with the other nations_ of Europe. Defoe's tour leaves a strong impression of the wealth that had come to the country since the Revolution. There was an extraordinary extension [url=http://www.rtnagel.com/airjordan.php]jordan pas cher[/url] of commerce and enterprise, and the merchants of Turkey, East India, and the South Sea became increasingly influential. The Army and Navy, which became permanent institutions early in the eighteenth century, contributed to the stability of trade abroad, and the foundation [url=http://www.mxitcms.com/tiffany/]tiffany[/url] of the Bank of England was a landmark -in the financial history of the country. One of the greatest houses in England, Wanted, was built by the parvenu Sir- Richard Child, and Bubb Dodington's town and country houses appear to have been among the finest of the period. "All the world was mad on building as far as they could reach" as Vanbrugh tells his friend Lord Carlisle in 1721, and this limit was often over-stepped, since we hear of many who over-built themselves and whose houses [url=http://www.sandvikfw.net/shopuk.php]hollister sale[/url] remained unfinished, or were sold for the sake of their [url=http://www.mxitcms.com/abercrombie/]abercrombie milano[/url] building materials.
That the reigning style should be Italian is due to the influence of the ever-increasing number of aristocratic amateurs who made the Grand Tour in the peaceful days of the early George's. It would be difficult to over-estimate the importance of this class, both as patrons and leaders of fashion, at a time when a knowledge of architecture was no uncommon accomplishment among men of leisure. The Englishman of this class was to a great extent thrown back upon the patronage and enjoyment of art if he happened to have tastes above the fox-hunting Squire Westerns of the day, or took no part [url=http://www.mquin.com/giuseppezanotti.php]giuseppe zanotti pas cher[/url] in politics.
A political career was, indeed, almost impossible under the jealous domination of Sir Robert Walpole, while under that great peace [url=http://www.mquin.com/giuseppezanotti.php‎]giuseppe zanotti soldes[/url] minister there was small chance of a military one. But there remained art-in a wide sense including the study of architecture, the gathering of a collection of pictures (preferably Italian), the patronage of artists and singers and of architects, the building of a great house which should be a monument, a magnum opus. Vanbrugh's patrons, the Earl of Manchester and the Duke of Marlborough, who were abroad on public business in the early years of the eighteenth century, showed their practical interest in the furnishing and [url=http://www.1855sacramento.com/moncler.php]moncler sito ufficiale[/url] building of their houses in their correspondence. But the amateur and the amateur architect of the early Georgian period were much more influential. Of [url=http://www.maximoupgrade.com/hot.php]hollister france[/url] Henry, ninth Earl of Pembroke" who had some claim to be considered an amateur architect, Hoarse Walpole wrote that "no man had a purer taste in building." Lord Burlington spent "large sums in contributing to public works, and was known to choose that the expense should fall on himself rather than that his country should be deprived of some beautiful edifice." His enthusiasm involved him in debt, and this was also the case with the less magnificent Sir Thomas Robinson of Rokeby-" Long Sir Thomas " another devout Palladian and amateur architect, who rebuilt the mansion of Rokeby. Both these men designed buildings; while there ii no design to the credit of Thomas Coke, the first Lord Leicester, who, however, had "such a delight and passion for architecture," says Brettingham, to fifty [url=http://www.365kl.net/home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=blog&blogid=]abercrombie milano The Advantages Of Acquiring Fam[/url] thousand pounds' expense, and some others of less value: This was our joint study and amusement in the country." Lord [url=http://www.gotprintsigns.com/abercrombiepascher/‎]abercrombie pas cher[/url] Chesterfield again spent both his time and money on the building of Chesterfield House in South Audley Street, where he boasted that the Library was the finest room in London. But besides these well-known personages the less famous amateurs had a voice in the building of their houses, for [url=http://www.bjls114.com/viewthread.php?tid=26147&extra=]hollister france Window Shade Blinds - The Final Touch Of A Perfect Room[/url] "in England, more than in any other country, every man would fain be his own architect," and the result is a very individual and personal quality in great and small English houses.
The reign of George I. was the beginning of the spread of the Grand Tour. Before that time it had been restricted to the few; about 1740, as Lady Pomfret writes, it was "carried a great deal too far amongst the English," and had become a necessity, the usual [url=http://www.ilyav.com/uggpascher.php]boots ugg pas cher[/url] completion of the education of a gentleman.
The renewal of peace had given the eldest son his chance of foreign travel in France and Italy. Thomas Coke was sent at the age of fifteen on his travels, which lasted six years.` Lord Burlington was completing his education in Italy at the same time. A little later Horace Walpole, at the age of twenty-two, went with a party of friends, in 1739, to Paris, Rheims, Geneva, Turin, Florence, Rome, Venice, and the south of France. France and Italy were the attractions of the "politer parts of Europe" to the travellers, and their stay was generally a prolonged one in the cities of Northern Italy Venice and Florence. Some of the less carefully conducted young men, as Chesterfield wrote, saw nothing but the English worlds abroad, and came home at three or four and twenty refined and polished (as is said in one of Congreve's plays) like Dutch skippers from a whale-fishing_ ; but in more favourable cases the Grand Tour was so protracted that it is not surprising that the young Englishmen learned something of art and architecture, and developed the habit of collecting pictures, statues, or curiosities, of viewing Italy " Knick - knackically," a danger against which Chesterfield warned . his son. For their descendants the taste has been a distinct advantage, for the tour was responsible for the formation of the great private collections, which were and are still a feature of the great houses of the Georgian period. The taste for Italian music and Italian singers was one result of the tour.